Tungsten ili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zonse komanso modulus wapamwamba kwambiri wa elasticity. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zotentha kwambiri, tungsten imatha kupirira ngakhale kutentha kwambiri. Tungsten imadziwikanso chifukwa chochulukirachulukira kwambiri motero imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga mafakitale oyendetsa ndege ndi ndege, gawo laumisiri wamagetsi, komanso zamagetsi.
Ntchito yayikulu ya Tungsten kwa zaka zopitilira 100 yakhala ngati ulusi wamababu a incandescent. Pothiridwa ndi potassium-aluminium silicate pang'ono, ufa wa tungsten umatenthedwa pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti upange ulusi wa waya womwe uli pakati pa mababu omwe amawunikira nyumba mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa tungsten kusunga mawonekedwe ake pa kutentha kwakukulu, ma tungsten filaments tsopano amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo, kuphatikizapo nyali, magetsi, magetsi otenthetsera m'ng'anjo zamagetsi, ma microwaves, ndi machubu a x-ray.
Kulekerera kwachitsulo pakutentha kwakukulu kumapangitsanso kukhala koyenera kwa ma thermocouples ndi kulumikizana kwamagetsi m'ng'anjo zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zida zowotcherera. Mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kulemera kwakukulu, kapena kulemera, monga zofananira, zoyikira nsomba, ndi mivi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito tungsten chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake.
Ndi chiyero cha> 99.98%, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazigawo za semiconductor ion implantation, zinthu zotenthetsera, spittering targets, electrodes, high-temperature structural parts, crystal crucibles, counterweights, radiation shielding, power device heat dissipation ndi zina.
Timapanga zinthu zathu za tungsten kuchokera ku ufa wachitsulo kupita kuzinthu zomalizidwa. Timangogwiritsa ntchito tungsten oxide yoyera kwambiri ngati gwero. Timapereka zinthu zoyera kwambiri za tungsten zoyera mpaka 8N.
oxidized rare earth tungsten (W-REO)
Oxidized a rare earth tungsten (WLa, WCe, WTh, WY ndi ma aloyi ena osowa padziko lapansi) ali ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso ntchito yapadera yotulutsa kuposa tungsten yoyera, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumagetsi osiyanasiyana: TIG kuwotcherera, kuwotcherera kwa plasma, kuwotcherera kwa plasma, zokutira zopopera za plasma, kusungunuka kwa plasma ndi gwero la kuwala kwa gasi; imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'zigawo zomangira zotentha kwambiri.
Lanthanate tungsten ndi oxidized lanthanum doped tungsten alloy. Pamene omwazika lanthanum okusayidi anawonjezedwa, lanthanated tungsten amasonyeza kumawonjezera kutentha, madutsidwe matenthedwe, kukana kukwawa, ndi mkulu recrystallization kutentha. Zinthu zabwinozi zimathandizira ma elekitirodi a tungsten opangidwa ndi lanthanated kuti akwaniritse luso loyambira la arc, kukana kukokoloka kwa arc, komanso kukhazikika kwa arc komanso kukhazikika.
Tili ndi mphamvu yopanga W-La, W-Ce, WY, W-Th ndi ma tungsten ena oxidized osowa padziko lapansi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati ma elekitirodi ndi ma cathode pamapulogalamu ambiri. Ma oxides omwe amawonjezeredwa ku tungsten amawonjezera kutentha kwa recrystallization ndipo, panthawi imodzimodziyo, amalimbikitsa mlingo wa mpweya mwa kuchepetsa ntchito ya electron ya tungsten electrode.
Potaziyamu-doped Tungsten (Tungsten-potaziyamu kapena WK)
Potaziyamu (K) -doped W lili nano-thovu pa dongosolo la ppm zingalepheretse kuyenda malire a tirigu ndi dislocations, iwo amatsogolera kulimbikitsa pa kutentha kwambiri ndi kupondereza recrystallization ndipo akhoza kupanga mbewu finer poyerekeza ndi koyera W. Njere imeneyi. kuyenga kumathandizanso kulimbitsa ndi kulimbitsa. Komanso, zikuyembekezeredwa kuti neutron-irradiation-induced embrittlement ikhoza kuponderezedwa mu K-doped W poyerekeza ndi W yoyera chifukwa imakhala ndi malire ambiri a tirigu omwe amakhala ngati zozama chifukwa cha zolakwika zomwe zimapangidwira ndi kuwala kwa nyutroni.
Tungsten (W) amaonedwa kuti ndi m'modzi mwa omwe akuyembekeza kwambiri pakati pa zinthu zoyang'ana m'madzi a m'magazi (PFMs) chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, monga kusungirako kwa hydrogen isotope, kutsika kwa sputtering komanso malo osungunuka kwambiri. Komabe, zovuta, monga kutentha kwapamwamba kwa ductile-to-brittle transition (DBTT), brittleness pa kutentha kochepa komanso kuphulika chifukwa cha kuwala kwa neutron ndi zolepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito tungsten. Mapangidwe a W-based alloys okhala ndi ma ductile dopants ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera zovuta izi. Potaziyamu doping yatsimikizira kale kuti imagwira ntchito bwino popondereza kukonzanso kwachiwiri ndikuwongolera kukula kwa mbewu mpaka 1900 ° C mu mawaya opyapyala a tungsten, motero amawonetsa zinthu zodabwitsa pakutentha kokwera. Potaziyamu-doped (K-doped) tungsten zochulukira zazinthu zimakhalanso zowoneka bwino pazoyang'anizana ndi plasma. Zanenedwa kuti K-doped tungsten yopangidwa ndi sparking plasma sintering (SPS) imawonetsa matenthedwe abwino, komanso mphamvu zamakina pa kutentha kuchokera ku RT mpaka 50 °C.
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