I-Tungsten inendawo ephakeme kakhulu yokuncibilika kuzo zonke izinsimbi kanye ne-modulus ephakeme ngokumangalisayo yokunwebeka. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezishisayo ezivelele, i-tungsten ingakwazi ukumelana kalula namazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu. I-Tungsten iphinde igqame ngokuminyana kwayo okuphakeme futhi ngenxa yalokho isetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni njengasezimbonini zezindiza nezezindiza, umkhakha wobunjiniyela bakagesi, kanye nakwezogesi.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-Tungsten iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100 bekunjengomucu kuma-incandescent amalambu. Ifakwe ngenani elincane le-potassium-aluminium silicate, i-tungsten powder ifakwa ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze kukhiqizwe intambo yocingo emaphakathi namalambu okukhanya akhanyisa izigidi zamakhaya emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngenxa yekhono le-tungsten lokugcina isimo sayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, imicu ye-tungsten manje isisetshenziswa nasezintweni ezihlukahlukene zasendlini, okuhlanganisa amalambu, izibani zezikhukhula, izinto zokushisisa ezithandweni zikagesi, ama-microwave, namashubhu e-x-ray.
Ukubekezelela kwensimbi ukushisa okukhulu nakho kuyenza ilungele ama-thermocouples nokuxhumana kukagesi ezithandweni zikagesi ze-arc namathuluzi wokushisela. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga isisindo esigxilile, noma isisindo, njengezinsimbi, osinki bokudoba, nemicibisholo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-tungsten ngenxa yokuminyana kwayo.
Ngokuhlanzeka okungu->99.98%, isetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni zokufakelwa kwe-ion ye-semiconductor, izakhi zokushisisa, okuhlosiwe okufafaza kuzo, ama-electrode, izingxenye zesakhiwo ezinokushisa okuphezulu, izinsimbi zekristalu, izinto eziphikisanayo, ukuvikela imisebe, ukuchithwa kokushisa kwedivayisi yamandla nezinye izikhathi.
Sikhiqiza imikhiqizo yethu ye-tungsten kusuka kumpushana wensimbi kuya emkhiqizweni oqediwe. Sisebenzisa kuphela i-tungsten oxide emsulwa njengomthombo wezinto. Sihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ye-tungsten ehlanzekile enobumsulwa obufika ku-8N.
i-oxidized rare earth tungsten (W-REO)
I-oxidized rare earth tungsten (i-WLa, i-WCe, i-WTh, i-WY namanye ama-alloys omhlaba angavamile) inamandla aphezulu nokusebenza okukhethekile kokukhipha kune-tungsten ehlanzekile, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-electrode ahlukahlukene: i-TIG welding, i-plasma welding, i-plasma welding, i-plasma spray coating, ukuncibilika kwe-plasma kanye nomthombo wokukhanya wokukhipha igesi; ibuye isetshenziswe ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo ezinokushisa okuphezulu.
I-lanthanate tungsten iyingxubevange ye-lanthanum doped tungsten ene-oxidized. Uma i-lanthanum oxide ehlakaziwe yengezwa, i-lanthanated tungsten ibonisa ukumelana nokushisa okuthuthukisiwe, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal, ukumelana nokukhasa, kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuvuselela kabusha. Lezi zakhiwo ezivelele zisiza ama-electrode e-tungsten e-lanthanate afinyelele ukusebenza okukhethekile ekhonweni lokuqala le-arc, ukumelana nokuguguleka kwe-arc, nokuzinza kwe-arc nokulawula.
Sinamandla okwenza i-W-La, i-W-Ce, i-WY, i-W-Th nezinye i-tungsten yomhlaba engavamile ene-oxidized. Zisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengama-electrode nama-cathodes ezinhlelweni eziningi. Ama-oxide angezwe ku-tungsten andisa izinga lokushisa lokwenziwa kabusha kwekristalu futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, athuthukisa izinga lokukhishwa kwezinto ngokwehlisa umsebenzi we-electron we-electrode ye-tungsten.
I-Potassium-doped Tungsten (i-Tungsten-potassium noma i-WK)
I-Potassium (K) -doped W iqukethe ama-nano-bubbles nge-oda le-ppm ingavimbela ukunyakaza kwemingcele yokusanhlamvu nokuhlakazeka, iholela ekuqiniseni izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokucindezelwa kwe-recrystallization futhi ingakhiqiza okusanhlamvu okuhle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-W ehlanzekile. ukucwengwa nakho kuholela ekuqiniseni nasekuqiniseni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulindeleke ukuthi i-neutron-irradiation-induced embrittlement ingacindezelwa ku-K-doped W uma kuqhathaniswa ne-W ehlanzekile ngoba iqukethe inani elikhulu lemingcele yokusanhlamvu esebenza njengamasinki ngenxa yokukhubazeka okwenziwe yi-neutron irradiation.
I-Tungsten (W) ithathwa njengomunye wabantu abathembisayo kakhulu phakathi kwezinto ezibhekene ne-plasma (PFMs) ngenxa yezindawo zayo eziyingqayizivele, njengokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen isotope ephansi, isivuno esiphansi sokusputtering kanye nephuzu eliphezulu lokuncibilika. Kodwa-ke, izithiyo, njengezinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-ductile-to-brittle transition (DBTT), ukonakala emazingeni okushisa aphansi kanye nokuqina ngenxa yokukhanya kwe-neutron kuyizithiyo ekusetshenzisweni kobunjiniyela be-tungsten. Imiklamo yama-alloys asekelwe ku-W anama-ductile dopants ayindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa lobu bubi. I-Potassium doping isivele ifakazele ukusebenza kahle kwayo ekucindezeleni ukubuyiswa kwekristalu yesibili kanye nokulawula ukukhula kokusanhlamvu kuze kufike ku-1900 °C ezintanjeni ezincanyana ze-tungsten, futhi ngenxa yalokho kukhombisa izakhiwo ezingavamile emazingeni okushisa aphakeme. I-Potassium-doped (K-doped) into eyinqwaba ye-tungsten iba ikhandidethi elikhangayo lezinto ezibheke ku-plasma. Kubikwe ukuthi i-K-doped tungsten eyenziwe nge-sparking plasma sintering (SPS) ikhombisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-thermal, kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile zemishini emazingeni okushisa asuka ku-RT kuye ku-50 °C.
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