I-Tungsten ineyona ndawo iphezulu yokunyibilika kuzo zonke iintsimbi kunye nemodyuli ephezulu ngokumangalisayo yokunyibilika. Ngombulelo kwiipropati zayo ezibalaseleyo zokushisa, i-tungsten inokumelana ngokulula namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. I-Tungsten ikwabalasele ngoxinaniso oluphezulu kwaye ke ngoko isetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zemizi-mveliso ezifana nemizi-mveliso yezomoya kunye ne-aerospace, icandelo lobunjineli bombane, nakwizinto zombane.
Esona sicelo siphambili sikaTungsten iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 ibe njengefilament kwiibhalbhu zokukhanya ze-incandescent. Ifakwe ngexabiso elincinci le-potassium-aluminium silicate, i-tungsten powder ifakwe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ukuvelisa i-filament yocingo ephakathi kweebhalbhu ezikhanyisa izigidi zamakhaya emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngenxa yokukwazi kwe-tungsten ukugcina imilo yayo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ii-tungsten filaments ngoku zikwasetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zasekhaya, kubandakanywa izibane, izibane zesikhukula, izinto zokufudumeza kwiziko lombane, ii-microwaves, kunye neetyhubhu ze-x-ray.
Ukunyamezela kwesinyithi kubushushu obukhulu kuyenza ilungele i-thermocouples kunye noqhagamshelwano lombane kwii-arc zombane kunye nezixhobo ze-welding. Usetyenziso olufuna ubunzima obugxininisiweyo, okanye ubunzima, obufana nezinto ezichaseneyo, iisinki zokuloba, kunye needati zihlala zisebenzisa i-tungsten ngenxa yobuninzi bayo.
Ngokucoceka kwe> 99.98%, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumacandelo okufakelwa kwe-ion ye-semiconductor, izinto zokufudumeza, iithagethi ze-sputtering, i-electrode, iindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, i-crystal crucibles, i-counterweights, ukukhusela i-radiation, ukuchithwa kokushisa kwesixhobo samandla kunye nezinye iimeko.
Sivelisa iimveliso zethu ze-tungsten ukusuka kumgubo wesinyithi ukuya kwimveliso egqityiweyo. Sisebenzisa kuphela i-tungsten oxide ecocekileyo njengomthombo wezinto. Sinikezela ngeemveliso ze-tungsten ezicoceke kakhulu ngococeko ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8N.
umhlaba onqabileyo we tungsten oxidized (W-REO)
I-oxidized tungsten yomhlaba enqabileyo (i-WLa, i-WCe, i-WTh, i-WY kunye nezinye i-alloys zomhlaba ezinqabileyo) zinamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza okukhethekileyo kokukhupha kune-tungsten ecocekileyo, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwii-electrode ezahlukeneyo: i-TIG welding, i-plasma welding, i-plasma welding, i-plasma spray coating, ukunyibilika kweplasma kunye nomthombo wokukhanya wokukhutshwa kwegesi; ikwasetyenziswa kwiindawo zesakhiwo ezinobushushu obuphezulu.
I-Lanthanate tungsten yi-oxidized lanthanum doped tungsten alloy. Xa i-lanthanum oxide esasaziweyo yongezwa, i-lanthanated tungsten ibonisa ukunyanzeliswa kobushushu, ukuqhutyelwa kwe-thermal, ukumelana nokunyuka, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu be-recrystallization. Ezi zakhiwo zibalaseleyo zinceda i-lanthanated tungsten electrode ifezekise umsebenzi obalaseleyo kwisakhono sokuqala se-arc, ukuchasana nokukhukuliseka kwe-arc, kunye nokuzinza kwe-arc kunye nokulawulwa.
Sinamandla okwenza i-W-La, i-W-Ce, i-WY, i-W-Th kunye nezinye i-tungsten yomhlaba enqabileyo ene-oxidized. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-electrode kunye ne-cathodes kwizicelo ezininzi. Iioksidi ezongeziweyo kwi-tungsten zandisa ubushushu bokubuyisela kwakhona kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, zakhuthaza umgangatho wokukhutshwa ngokunciphisa umsebenzi we-electron we-electrode ye-tungsten.
I-Potassium-doped Tungsten (i-Tungsten-potassium okanye i-WK)
I-Potassium (K) -i-doped W iqulethe i-nano-bubbles kwi-oda ye-ppm inokuthintela ukunyakaza kwemida yeenkozo kunye nokuchithwa, kukhokelela ekuqinisweni kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-recrystallization kwaye inokuvelisa iinkozo ezintle xa kuthelekiswa ne-W. Le ngqolowa. ukucokisa kukhokelela ekomelezeni nasekuqiniseni. Ngaphezu koko, kulindeleke ukuba imbrittlement neutron-iradiation-indulwe kusenokucinezelwa kwi K-doped W xa kuthelekiswa W esulungekileyo kuba iqulathe inani elikhulu imida eziziinkozo ezisebenza njengoko litshona iziphene eyenziwe neutron irradiation.
I-Tungsten (W) ithathwa njengomnye wabaviwa abathembisayo phakathi kwezinto ezijongene ne-plasma (PFMs) ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa, ezifana nokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen isotope ephantsi, isivuno esiphantsi se-sputtering kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokunyibilika. Nangona kunjalo, iintsilelo, ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu be-ductile-to-brittle transition (DBTT), i-brittleness kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kunye ne-brittleness ngenxa yokukhanya kwe-neutron yimiqobo kwizicelo zobunjineli ze-tungsten. Uyilo lwee-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-W ezine-ductile dopants ziyindlela esebenzayo yokunciphisa ezi zinto zingalunganga. I-potassium doping sele ibonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo ekucinezeleni icrystallization yesibini kunye nokulawula ukukhula kweenkozo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1900 °C kwiingcingo ezibhityileyo ze-tungsten, kwaye ke ngoko ibonisa iipropathi ezingaqhelekanga kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo. I-Potassium-doped (i-K-doped) i-tungsten i-bulk material iba ngumgqatswa onomtsalane wezinto ezijongene neplasma ngokunjalo. Kuye kwaxelwa ukuba i-tungsten ye-K-doped eyenziwe nge-sparking plasma sintering (SPS) ibonisa ukuqhuba kakuhle kwe-thermal, kunye neempawu eziqinileyo zoomatshini kumaqondo obushushu ukusuka kwi-RT ukuya kwi-50 °C.
Ekhaya
